Qafar Qaadah Gudgud Fan

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Qafar afih gaddaliino kee qadar — The richness of the Afar language and its literary heritage. Based on the conference "Conference on the Afar Language and Literature."

Commander Hassan Mahamad Hassan
Source & Original Author
The content presented in this section is based on the original conference "Conference on the Afar Language and Literature" presented by Commander Hassan Mahamad Hassan.
All original research, photographs, diagrams, literary analyses, and conference materials remain the intellectual property of their respective author and presenter. This material is reproduced and digitally organized for educational, cultural preservation, language revitalization, and research purposes. The Afar Language Word Hub does not claim authorship of the original conference materials.

Literature Search

Qangora osisita gexxam keh — misaalah: qafar, kassow, waar, astronomy, suffix, didier morin

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Chapters

1. Introduction

Conference purpose, objectives, why preserving Afar matters, importance of oral traditions

2. Afar Language

Language richness, linguistic characteristics, scientific language, word formation

3. Word Roots & Morphology

Interactive explorer of radicals and privative suffixes: DA, QA, GA, CA

4. Afar Poetry

Kassow, Saxxaq, Ginnili, Laale and more — syllable structures, forms, examples

5. Famous Afar Authors

Sheik Casan Camad-Laqde, Didier Morin, Ankaale and their contributions

6. Traditional Songs

Muuzik gaditteh saqolti — traditional music and composers

7. Ancient Egypt & Afar Language

Conference research: RA/AF, NOU/LE, DJ/WAAR, MOUT/ININ connections

8. Traditional Afar Astronomy

Stars, constellations, months, weekdays, calendars, planet names

9. Literature Archive

Books, poems, research papers, articles, conference materials, references

10. Bibliography

Complete list of references and academic sources

1. Introduction

Conference on the Afar Language and Literature — preserving and transmitting the richness of the Afar language and the urgency of safeguarding oral traditions to future generations.

Conference Objective

To transmit to future generations the richness of the language and the urgency of safeguarding oral traditions.

Conference Plan

Inni kee buxaMy cultural background
Qafar afih gaddaliinoThe richness of the Afar language
Qangara dab kee gamad leRadical and privative suffixes
Qadar kee gaddi mansayyaStructure of Afar poetry
Qafar af kee faraaqiinaAncient Egypt and the Afar language
Innih unkule kassow/gaditteMy literary writings
Sin qambaala fardiThe duty that falls upon you

About the Presenter

Commander Hassan Mahamad Hassan

The conference was presented by Commander Hassan Mahamad Hassan, a scholar of Afar language and culture. The presentation covers the presenter's cultural background, linguistic analysis, poetry, and research connecting Afar to ancient Egypt.

2. Afar Language

The richness of the Afar language — its linguistic characteristics, scientific expressions, and unique word formation patterns.

Scientific Language — Ear Examples (Ayti)

Afar ExpressionLiteral MeaningContext
AYTI KUMAthe dive of the earDeep listening
AYTI KIBBI HASfill your ear (with liquid)Pay close attention
AYTI KOK KAFE WAYTAYmay your ear not dry outMay you always listen

Scientific Language — Foot/Strength (Ibak Gibdi)

Afar ExpressionMeaning
IBAK GIBDIHarder than the foot
IBAK GIBDI ROB RADEA rain harder than the foot
IBAK GIBDI QEB YEKKEA battle harder than the foot

Afar & Greek/Latin Parallels

Some unexplained curiosities of the Afar language — words with Greek or Latin parallels:

FAAYFAILLE
SANSINUS
SINNASANS
LAGOLEG
MAAROMARE
IDALTUADULTE
INKIUNIQUE
MAGASMAJESTE
ENGELANGLE
ANGULIANGELUS
FUUGAFOUGUE
QARHARO
SATTASATIETE
ATLEATTELE
ANANOWANONNER
IKKEICI
DERREDERRIERE
TEELLOTELE

3. Word Roots & Morphology

Qangara dab (radical) kee gamad le (suffix) — Discovery of the word radical and privative suffixes. Each suffix transforms the meaning of a root word.

The Suffix DA — Privative, negation, reversal

RootMeaningWith DANew Meaning
CIN!Refusal, avarice (CINAALE)CINDAGenerosity
QAN!To tame (QANO)QANDEForce, untameable
GIB!To guard, to test (GIBA)GIBDADurete, that cannot be tested
MUGALoss of hairsMUGDAIneffaceable tattoo
BURAInsufficiencyBURDALarge quantity
LIG!, LIGLIGTo shakeLIGDOCourage
QIGU, QAGUTo begin againQIGDUNever, not again
BAR, BAARISoul, strengthBARDASponge, to break (BARAD)
HOR!, HOOROTo stopHORDAFlat terrain and stake
MANOLifeMANDAVolcanic lava where nothing grows
WAQIndeterminate timeWAQDIPrecise moment
SAN, SANAHDesire, by forceSANDEFace to face
FURA, FURANPorosity, softnessFURDAQuai in hard material
GAN!, GANOTo attack by surpriseGANDILamentation, sleeping sickness
GUN!, GUNEGenerosityGUNDIChild's loincloth

The Suffix QA — Transformation, opposite

RootMeaningWith QANew Meaning
ASSAMMisery, sufferingASSAMAQEase, comfort
AAMA, UMAANEBad, to worsenAMQAGood, reconciliation
SATTASatisfaction, satietySATQAHunger
DARAClear/limpide waterDARAQMuddy water
GARRight, legitimateGARAQ, GARQATheft, illegitimate
SUTInside, interiorSUTQEEpidermis
BURAInsufficiency, littleBURQIThick, dense hair
BARSoul, strengthBARQEHunger, misery

The Suffix GA — Negation, castration, reversal

RootMeaningWith GANew Meaning
QANOTo tame, domesticateQANAAGEForce, untameable
QANOTo tameQANGIMale crocodile
BARSoul, strengthBARUGExtinction
BARSoul, strengthBARUGACadaver, corpse
DARAClear waterDARAGUMixture of two liquids
SANDesire, envySANGACastrated, sexual impotence
DAL, DAALAFamily, clanDALGACastrated
WAAREternityWARGUPrecise time
DIR!Get lost!DIRKIBy force

The Suffix CA — Transformation, reversal

RootMeaningWith CANew Meaning
MIRRIFearMIRACWar chief
MUXXOExuberance, plusMUXCABald head
BARSoul, strengthBARACVegetative state
MAKFull turnMAKCANot to appear
BADIDisappearanceBADICExistence
ANGODDITo contradictINGIDDICTo be mute, silent

4. Afar Poetry

Qadar kee gaddi mansayya — Structure of Afar poetry: syllable-based poetic forms with rich oral tradition.

12 Syllables (Mansayya)

KASSOW

12 syllables — epic poetry form
Kassow oobbeh emeete kalluwan mayyu

SAXXAQ

12 syllables
Saxxaq abah maballiyok tanna kinni?

MAXHAXIS

12 syllables
Maxhaxis mininil le seelis angul le

HELLALLE

12 syllables
Kuyya laahi miraacow anni way k'ablo?

KOORA GAD

12 syllables
Yi saqalle baxaw lee tab'aali fillaw

11 Syllables

KAXXA GAD

11 syllables — long poem form
Kaxxa gad way abuk le marat yayse

GINNILI

11 syllables — words as soft as silk
Away yaabe liyok gaba yoh xaga

KALLUWANLE

11 syllables
Gaaday wadir ixxica tee mokonni
Inki'nnah magaadina tee mokonni

DAAR-LAAHI AF

11 syllables
Kifnoh innah fuluk'ttam kok gexxeemi

10 Syllables

ROYYAN

10 syllables — narrative poem
Royyanal deben oobi yoo maha

BOORI SAXXAQ

10 syllables
Ku'nti yuble kaafirti yuslumeh

HELLALLIYO

10 syllables
Ib qasih gexem keenal eexege

DAAR-DAQAR AF

10 syllables
Ni daqar caban daqar hinnoy hee

DAAR-GAAL'AF

10 syllables
Gaali nammaamat nee baaheleyya

FARAS SAARE (QADAR)

9-10 syllables
Maldayya lem yi camit tanih (9)
Yoo mara numuk makalinnito (10)

8 Syllables

LAALE

8 syllables — lyrical form
Y'aabinok cammadi gaysa
Yot makeenim biqdi gaysa
Y'aabeenim inti le raysa

KEEKE

8 syllables
Keekisey kamus wagitnuk
Usuuley dat af wagitnuk

Poetry Forms (Saare)

GAALI SAARE Praise poetry
LAAHI SAARE Divine praise
ILLI KEE WADAR SAARE Sheep & goat poetry
DANAN SAARE Cattle poetry
FOOXIMA SAARE Wilderness poetry
ECEYYA SAARE Women's poetry

Additional Forms

LAALE
MALAABO
BADDI KUBUR
MABLUD
HEDDADDE
DIIDADIIDA
HORRA

5. Famous Afar Authors

Profiles of influential Afar authors, poets, and scholars who have shaped Afar literature and linguistic study.

Sheik Casan Camad-Laqde

1902–1972 — Renowned Afar poet and scholar

Sheik Casan Camad-Laqde was one of the most prolific Afar poets. His work Nawaadir documents 200 dates of major historical events, wars, funeral ceremonies, and Afar cultural values through poetry. He chronicled the period between the Afar and Cuggi peoples.

Camad-Laqde (the younger)

1937–1981 — Poet and literary figure

Notable works include:

  • Naharsi maaqatta (1962)
  • Abba barrah xago (1963)
  • Yakku waa baxi kas qunxih geya (1965)
  • Akaalaf tooboko (1973-1974)
  • Cabuy soxay sabara (1969-1972)
  • Sabti waane (1978)
  • Gab'aatuka (1963, UDA)
  • Tekkem taaxago (1965)
  • Saakuy aysuk eysiya (1969)
  • Mabaxaysitina (1977-78)

Camad-Laqde — Poetry Themes

Yab Bacaar Yakke — Truth and falsehood
Numma kee diraabaTruth and falsehood
Yani kee deedalaExistence and non-existence
Asmat kee awnanaConfidence and betrayal
Ku yab kee marin yaabaYour word and half-word

Didier Morin

French linguist and Afar language scholar

Major contributions to Afar linguistic study:

  • Le Ginnili — Study of Afar poetry
  • Words as Soft as Silk — Traditional Afar poetry collection
  • Historical Dictionary of the Afar language
  • Dictionnaire Afar-Français (Karthala, Paris, 2012, 928 p.)
  • Poésie traditionnelle des Afars (1997, SELAF/Peeters)

Ankaale

Contemporary Afar poet
  • 1984 — Began literary career
  • 1987 — First prize in the national poetry competition organized by the Palace of the People
  • 1987 — Kuun xaltiy galto wayti deqsitta ransa (UDC)
  • 1988 — First prize in the poetry competition of the National Cultural Forum

Kassow Poets

Tolah Canfaxe
Madqah Abba
Malak Callato
Hadigto Muusa
Caawino
Wagab Casan
Doolab Cummad
Xer Casan
Qasa Qabbo
Casan Baadari
Casan Cagaayo
Kaamil Cagaayo
Data Yuusuf
Heebano Baxa
Macammad Secem
Qalii Saqiidi
Wade

6. Traditional Songs

Muuzik Gaditteh Saqolti — Traditional Afar music and composers. A rich tradition of oral musical heritage.

Traditional Composers

Camad Laqde
Talca
Sek Acmad
Haarun Dawud
Secem Dawud Barkat
Cusen Qabbas
Qabbas Doogali
Faraddi Baxa
Qali Aflo
Qali Dulla
Qalwan Burhan
Cusen Finqa
Qafar Baxa
Acmad Malko
Asiya Suleeki
Babbeyna
Qumar Suleeki
Macammad Cuseen

Songs and Their Composers

TitleYearComposer
Intil GABA Haan Saaku1988Macammad Qumar
Atu Kah Tenem Baxuwwayto1988Macammad Qumar
Afrikay Farmo Koh Ruuba1989Qabdalla Lee
Qafaray Qafarre Hawwente1989Abayadid Badri
Coosiyyo1991Qabdalla Lee
Isi Sahte Num Sinam Sahtah1992Pere Robert
Ittin Gey Gira Kok Waasa1992Pere Robert
Doolattiino Kak Iyyaanam2010Qunxa Ibrahim
Dadalah Yi Toobokoy Soola2010Cuseen Hayle
Doolat Niimi2010Cuseen Hayle

Kassow kee Royyan Poems

Abaaro
Aydaadu
Moynob
Fardi
Fiqma
Qaafiyat Dorro
Cabib Dorro
Moddaqiino
Figi Nee Gin'Ayro
Soono
Fannaanow
Cellafaadi
Wagta Beera
Inkitto
Gadaama
Deero

7. Ancient Egypt & Afar Language

Conference Research Material
This section presents research perspectives from the conference presenter, Commander Hassan Mahamad Hassan. These are the presenter's research perspectives and are presented as-is to preserve academic neutrality. The material should not be rewritten or reinterpreted.

Letter to the Pharaoh (1991)

ConceptAfar
The double Crown (red & white crown)Qasah'yya maray qadoh'yya mara
The Creative WordYab y'aabeh y'abb'aabe
The two serpents and eternityWaarra kee waar
The opening of the mouthAfbeeca, Affeeca, Afdeeca
The Octoade (8 forces)8 awsa, 8 moodayto, 8 cammadi siirat, 8 songogoda
The son and the God of the earthBaxa kee Baaxo

RA / AF — Mouth, Word, Opening

Egyptian (RA)Afar (AF)Meaning
RAAFMouth
RAAFWord, Speech
RAAFADoorway
RAAFAExterior
RAAFAOpening, Outlet

NOU / LE — Water, Possessing, Containing

Egyptian (NOU)Afar (LE)Meaning
NOULEWater
NOULEPossessing
NOULEContaining

DJ / WAAR — Serpent, Eternity

Egyptian (DJ)Afar (WAAR)Meaning
DJWARRUSerpent
DJWAAREternity
DJWARREPast
DJWARETo announce, say

MOUT / ININ — Owl, Mother

Egyptian (MOUT)Afar (ININ)Meaning
MOUTININOwl
MOUTINAMother
MOUTINNAMeans and manner
MOUTINNIPronominal SE

Scholars Referenced in the Conference

Previous Controversies — Champollion's Work

The presentation references Dr. Ossama Alsaadawi's critique of Champollion's approach to the Rosetta Stone, noting that Champollion assumed cartouches contained king names corresponding to Greek text, which Dr. Alsaadawi challenges. Also references work by ENEL (Russian Egyptologist) on the Sacred Language, and Rene & Isha Schwaller de Lubicz (HER-BAK).

Afar, Ophir and the Mists of History

Dr. Orville Boyd Jenkins — Question: "Are the Afar people from the Ophir peoples of the queen of Sheba? The name is so closely related sounding."

8. Traditional Afar Astronomy

Afar traditional knowledge of the sky — stars, constellations, months, weekdays, calendars, and planet names.

Weekdays

SabtiSaturday — Sabootana
AcadSunday — Kabootana
EtnénMonday — Beerana
TalaataTuesday — Darmaana
ArbaqaWednesday — Tubbuulusu
KamisThursday — Kammuunusu
GumqatFriday — Tubbubuulusu

Months (Alsa Alsitteh Migooqa)

Qasuura
Safar
1 Gumaadi
2 Gumaadi
3 Gumaadi
4 Gumaadi
Ragab
Walaanaba (Soom Baahe)
Soomu
Soom Futri
Qerfa Baahe
Qerfa

Solar Months (Ayroh Alsitteh Migooqa) — Starting 23 September

Inanab
Inkibarta
Garablu
Yengeelen
Abrooma
Qado Dirri
Qasa Dirri
Laqan
Waysu
Yangulta
Diteli
Ximoli

Planets (Cutuk Migooqa)

BolyeMorning Venus
Bokol SigisEvening Venus
Qado DirriJupiter
Qasa DirriMars
SawurSaturn / Taurus Constellation
MalcinoGreat Bear

Zodiac — Qado Mafdagoogi (Northern)

Guraalu
Aries
Laysan
Aries
Kayma
Pleiades
Sawur
Taurus
Adala
Orion's Belt
Saxxan
Gemini
Yangulta
Gemini
Data Qaran
Cancer
Kada
Leo
Diraq
Leo
Waysu
Leo
Danab
Leo
Dirri
Virgo

Zodiac — Qasa Mafdagoogi (Southern)

Salmaan
Virgo
Mamuq
Libra
Sudaaduc
Scorpio
Lubbi
Scorpio
Adim
Scorpio
Adraan
Two Quadrilaterals near Sagittarius
Qaniid
Starless zone east of Sagittarius
Geydi/Gita
Capricorn
Kaqkiil
Aquarius
Keysi
Aquarius
Bulfaan
Aquarius
Kurbi
Pegasus
Afeeger/Afgira
Pegasus

9. Literature Archive

A growing collection of Afar literary works, research papers, articles, and reference materials.

Aben Taama — Major Works

Macammad Yuusuf Gaddaaqay — Hadigto Muusah Aydaadu

A significant work on Afar poetry and literary tradition.

Saalic Macammad Hassan — Camad-Laqdeh Kitaaba

Book dedicated to the works of Camad-Laqde, documenting his poetry and literary legacy.

Matar Faxxam Mangoh — Key Topics

Hayyoona
Missila
Qadar
Dooqa
Dayla
Cutuuka
Buqre
Dacarsitto
Migaaqitte
Otoyno
Aydaadu
Ilko
Madqa
Cexmo

10. Bibliography

Complete list of references cited in the conference and related Afar language scholarship.

Attribution & Copyright

Source & Original Author
The content presented in this section is based on the original conference "Conference on the Afar Language and Literature."

Presenter: Commander Hassan Mahamad Hassan
Conference Title: Conference on the Afar Language and Literature

All original research, photographs, diagrams, literary analyses, and conference materials remain the intellectual property of their respective author and presenter.

This material is reproduced and digitally organized with permission (where applicable) for educational, cultural preservation, language revitalization, and research purposes.

The Afar Language Word Hub does not claim authorship of the original conference materials. Its role is to preserve, organize, and improve accessibility for learners, educators, researchers, and future generations.

Qafar afak Qangor Maysarraqa — preserving Afar language and literature for future generations.

Long-Term Vision

The Afar Language Word Hub aims to evolve from a vocabulary application into the world's most comprehensive digital archive of the Afar language — preserving vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, literature, poetry, songs, oral traditions, linguistic research, historical studies, astronomy, cultural knowledge, and academic references.


Dictionaries

Pronunciation

Poetry

Songs

Astronomy

History